Types of Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems

Time:4/7/2025

Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems (ASRS) are computer-controlled systems that automate the storage and retrieval of goods in warehouses and distribution centers. They enhance efficiency, accuracy, and space utilization. ASRS can be categorized based on their design and functionality. Here are some common types:

1. Unit-Load ASRS

Designed to handle large and heavy loads, typically stored on pallets or in large containers. These systems use fixed-aisle cranes to store and retrieve entire pallets from high-density Warehouse Racking Systems.

2. Mini-Load ASRS

Also known as case-handling or tote-stacking systems, Mini-Load ASRS are intended for smaller items, handling loads around 77 pounds (35 kg). They store and retrieve cartons, trays, or totes, making them suitable for facilities with numerous stock-keeping units (SKUs).

3. Vertical Lift Modules (VLMs)

VLMs consist of an inserter/extractor mechanism positioned between two columns of trays or bins. The system automatically retrieves and delivers trays to an access window, optimizing vertical space and improving picking ergonomics.

4. Vertical Carousel Modules (VCMs)

These systems operate like a Ferris wheel, rotating vertically to bring items to the operator. VCMs are ideal for storing small parts and can quickly transport containers to workstations.

5. Horizontal Carousel Modules (HCMs)

HCMs function similarly to VCMs but rotate horizontally. They consist of bins that revolve on an oval track, delivering items to the operator efficiently. Multiple HCMs can be stacked to increase storage capacity.

6. Shuttle-Based ASRS

Utilizing robotic shuttles that move along tracks between storage racks, these systems retrieve and deliver items to pick stations. They offer high throughput and are suitable for operations requiring rapid access to goods.

7. Cube-Based ASRS

Also known as cubic ASRS, these systems store inventory in bins stacked within a cubic grid. Robots navigate on top of the grid to retrieve bins and deliver them to workstations. This design maximizes storage density and is effective for high-volume order fulfillment.

8. Robotic ASRS

These systems employ autonomous mobile robots to transport goods within a warehouse. Robots retrieve items from storage locations and deliver them directly to operators, enhancing flexibility and scalability.

Selecting the appropriate ASRS depends on factors such as inventory characteristics, space constraints, throughput requirements, and budget considerations.

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